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BARON JUSTINIAN VON WELZ
(1621-1668)
There are few who know anything about the profound
contribution that Baron Justinian von Welz made to worldwide missions. He was born 100 years too soon for his ideas
and proposals to be appreciated and accepted.
Welz, the son of Austrian nobility, was born in 1621 into a
Lutheran family in a Catholic-dominated country. Because of the severe Roman Catholic
persecution during the 30 Years War, his family migrated to Lutheran
Germany. His school days were spent in the
Netherlands.
At about the age of 20, he returned to his home in Germany and wrote a number of treatises on
various subjects, the earlier ones on political reform and social justice.
From about the age of 20 until his early 40s, he led a rather
profligate life but toward the end of that period began to read the Bible and orthodox
Lutheran teaching, repented of his sins, and was genuinely converted. He avidly read the Scriptures and church
history, particularly that of the martyrs.
So it was that at the age of 40 his values and goals were
completely changed by the experience of conversion, and he was ready to emerge
from a period of isolation. He believed
and practiced aestheticism and lived a life of separation from the world and dedication
to that which would glorify God. He
called his contemporaries to self-examination and conversion. Bewailing the expensive habits of food, dress,
and entertainment, he counseled that people should be serious-minded and live a
life separated from the world as pilgrims and strangers. He avoided worldly society as much as
possible. He taught and meditated on
what he called the four last things, namely,
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The
certainty of approaching death
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The
pain and suffering of the condemned
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The
glory and privilege of the elect
He proposed the formation of an organization called the
"Jesus Loving Society." He urged
candidates for the ministry to go out and preach to the heathen rather than sit
about idly while waiting for a call. His
was a global vision, and he felt responsibility for a global
evangelization.
At that particular time in the Lutheran Church, the Great Commission was being
taught as territorial, not universal, and was often carried out by political
rather than spiritual methods. Thinking
that the heathen had already rejected the Gospel sometime in the past and that
efforts to evangelize should be local rather than global, some of the
theologians actually taught that it was wrong to take the Gospel to the
heathen.
Welz felt that schools for training missionaries should be
set up in the universities and students trained in language, world religions,
and other subjects related to missions.
When this was not done, he deposited 12,000 German thaler from his own
personal resources into two different banks for that purpose. A friend contributed a similar sum of
money. He felt that these training
schools should provide pre-field orientation.
He also felt that there was a great deal of spiritual indifference and
advocated spiritual renewal at home and Gospel preaching overseas. His ideas, however, were not accepted.
He wrote a number of treatises propounding his ideas and
rebuking the cold, indifferent legal orthodoxy of the Lutheran Church.
The Jesus Loving Society, which Welz proposed, was to be composed of
three groups:
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The
promoters-wealthy patrons and sponsors
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The
full-time mission directors and secretaries
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The
missionary volunteers-young unmarried men who would volunteer for two or three
years.
Prior to leaving for the field, they were to have studied
geography, history of the church and earlier missionaries, Paul's journeys,
evangelism, and Oriental languages. Once
on the field, volunteers were to study local customs and religions, learn the
vernacular language, translate portions of the Bible, and send back regular
reports to the home supporters.
Welz, in his Jesus Loving Society, reveals some of his
deepest insights and especially his thoughts on prayer-the one activity he
deemed most essential and should take precedence over all other activity. He also stated that missionaries should be
content with what God provides. He asked
the questions: "Is it right for
Christians to keep the Gospel to themselves rather than sharing it with
others? Is it right for so many
theological students to sit around awaiting suitable appointments or perhaps
becoming schoolmasters rather than venturing forth to preach to the
heathen? Is it right for Christians to
spend so much money on amusement, expensive habits of food and dress, give no
thought or money for the dissemination of the Gospel?" The dead orthodoxy of the church of Welz's day considered his proposal most
impractical. Actually, some of the
leaders thought it was satanic; and because
the leadership of the Lutheran Church took this position, his ideas were
not accepted.
Unsuccessful in interesting others, Welz finally decided that
he himself must go; and he persuaded a friend to ordain him as "Apostle to the
Heathen." He renounced his inheritance
and his title of nobility and sailed for Suriname, South America, in 1666. By the spring of 1668 it was reliably
reported that he was dead-a martyr to his own cause.
Thus died Justinian von Welz, lonely and forsaken, a
sacrifice to his own self-elected calling, an enlightening model for all times
of faithful courage and joyful readiness to give all, even one's life, for the
sake of Christ.
There is no record of his ministry in Suriname extant; but as far as is known, he
did not win a single convert and a church was not planted. Some reported that he was killed by savage
beasts, but the more likely fact was that he died of malaria.
Later in the century, in 1694, there was at the University of Halle a division of missionary training
that very closely followed the principles and proposals laid out by Welz and
his Jesus Loving Society. In 1732 the
Moravians sent their first missionaries to the Caribbean.
One of their early fields was Suriname, where Welz had died. Some modern missions historians believe that
Welz greatly influenced William Carey, who established a Baptist Mission Society
in 1792.
So the life of Welz was one of rejection. He was a man born too soon; but his ideas
were, within a century, implemented and continue to the present. His Jesus Loving Society sounds very much
like a modern 21st century mission society. Welz is kind of a pivotal figure in the
history of Protestant missions. He
occupies a symbolic place of great respect as a forerunner of greater things to
come. The orthodox teaching of the
Lutheran theologians of his day was that the apostolic command had died with
the death of the apostles. For Welz, the
Great Commission continued to have unqualified validity. He argued that missionary obligation was
permanent and continuous.
Welz was a man who, through study of the Word of God, had
caught a vision of world evangelism in an age when it was thought impractical
and too expensive. The world was not
ready for his teaching. He actually was
condemned as an agent of Satan for his outspoken advocacy of world
missions. He died a martyr to his own
cause. He had renounced his nobility,
his wealth, his home, and his life in order to carry out the Great Commission. Where are those today who are willing to be
as self-sacrificing as was Justinian von Welz?
JAD
5/9/07
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